Over time and through an iterative process, collective learnings and practical insights from the global- and country- level work on TNAs have informed and enriched the TNA methodology, including through growing guidance3 available to countries and implementation actors.
Today, the TNA process has evolved into a step-by-step process that goes beyond technology needs and is geared towards enabling technology implementation and demonstrating technology viability, with a view to closing the gap between needs of developing countries and global support options.
In this process, TAPs have been increasingly recognized as means to form a portfolio of nationally endorsed projects and programmes that can facilitate both action and support for the implementation of prioritized climate technologies. The enhanced quality and level of details in the elaboration of TAPs (e.g. on timelines of actions, costs, and identified funding options) in later phases of the Global TNA Project, compared to the Phase I, is an indication of the growing attention to the TAPs as instruments to accelerate technology implementation and uptake.
This shift of focus towards implementation, and the instrumental role of TAPs therein, can also be traced through the intergovernmental work on technology development and transfer under the UNFCCC. With the establishment of the technology framework under the Paris Agreement4, and particularly under the theme of ‘implementation’, Parties have underscored the implementation of the TNA/TAP outcomes as a vehicle towards achieving the global climate and sustainable development goals (SDGs). The outcomes of the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement5 also emphasized the importance of ensuring the availability and access to enhanced financial and capacity-building support for developing countries, in particular the least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS), for implementing and scaling up prioritized technology measures, including those identified in TNAs, TAPs, and low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission development strategies.
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