The 25th Conference of the Parties (COP25) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held from 2 to 13 December 2019. Key objectives were agreeing on the modalities that govern carbon markets, and increasing the level of ambition of Nationally Determined Contributions.
Loss and damage featured prominently in the discussions, partly because the COP coincided with the review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts.
UNEP DTU Partnership, in collaboration with Leiden University and the International Centre for Climate Change and Development, has prepared a summary of the main COP25 agreements affecting climate change-induced loss and damage.
