This UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre paper examines the challenges faced by central banks and financial regulators in emerging markets and developing economies and distils key lessons from the Reserve Bank of Malawi’s experiences that can guide other institutions beginning to integrate climate considerations into their operations.

This guideline provides a high-level, practice-informed resource for countries seeking to strengthen national responses to loss and damage. It synthesizes current concepts, evidence, policy debates, and emerging good practices, and offers an overarching framework to support reflection on, scoping, and refinement of national loss and damage strategies and related processes. Rather than prescribing a single blueprint or detailed step-by-step procedures, […]

This brief provides a summary of business and financing models for scaling solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) in Uganda. It highlights SPIS as a strategic climate technology for Uganda’s agriculture sector, which employs about 70% of the population but faces significant climate risks. The brief demonstrates that SPIS can increase crop yields, enable off-season production, and stabilize farmer incomes. It reviews […]

This practitioners brief is for government officials, practitioners, and partners who need to turn the Loss and Damage agenda into concrete national action. It builds on the Strengthening National Responses to Loss and Damage guide, available here. Effective Loss and Damage strategies recognize that some impacts can still be avoided or reduced through better risk management, while others require measures to […]

The global signals of climate change are felt acutely in cities through unprecedented heatwaves, floods, and climate-related disasters, placing increasing pressure on urban systems and practitioners’ ability to manage risks. Cities, home to over half the world’s population and major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, are increasingly vulnerable to these impacts. Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer a powerful pathway for […]

Climate change is increasingly impacting human health through rising temperatures, extreme weather events, changing disease patterns, displacement, and growing pressures on health systems. While health is widely recognised as a critical dimension of climate vulnerability, there is growing interest in understanding how health is reflected within national approaches to Loss and Damage (L&D). This new stocktake provides a systematic assessment […]

Alongside Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), long‑term low‑emission development strategies (LT‑LEDS) form the backbone of the Paris Agreement and pave the way for low‑emission development pathways around the globe. Their coherence and mutual alignment are therefore critical to ensuring ambitious and effective action towards limiting the increase in global average temperature and adapting to the impacts of climate change. This publication, […]

UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report 2025: Off Target finds that available new climate pledges under the Paris Agreement have only slightly lowered global temperature rise over the course of this century, leaving the world heading for a serious escalation of climate risks and damages.

The challenges of climate change and rapid urbanization present central obstacles to sustainable development in cities of low- and middle-income countries. Urban Nature-based Solutions (NbS) receive growing attention as potential remedies for these challenges because they offer environmental and social co-benefits in comparison to conventional grey or engineered solutions. In practice, NbS co-exist and positively complement conventional grey or engineered […]