This UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre paper examines the challenges faced by central banks and financial regulators in emerging markets and developing economies and distils key lessons from the Reserve Bank of Malawi’s experiences that can guide other institutions beginning to integrate climate considerations into their operations.

Climate change and rapid urbanization challenge sustainable development and human well-being in the growing cities of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Asia, Africa, and Latin America, in particular, are at the forefront of the world’s urbanization today, with several low- and middle-income cities in these regions poised to become the most populous in the following decades. However, the rapid pace […]

As a small island developing state, Fiji is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Its economy, heavily reliant on agriculture and tourism, is exposed to rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss. At the same time, climate change is increasingly recognized as a risk to financial and price stability, underscoring the need for a financial system that […]

The report highlights the critical role of electrification, renewable energy, and green hydrogen in decarbonizing key sectors such as industry, transport, and urban development. It underscores Gujarat’s leadership in integrating advanced technologies into its energy ecosystem while addressing challenges like variable renewable energy integration, demand-side management, and infrastructure scaling. By focusing on pragmatic and actionable strategies, the report demonstrates how […]

Amid rising global temperatures and intensifying climate impacts, UNEP’s 2025 Adaptation Gap Report: Running on Empty finds that a yawning gap in adaptation finance for developing countries is putting lives, livelihoods and entire economies at risk.

Belize’s updated NDC (2021) sets ambitious targets for both adaptation and mitigation aimed at achieving 5,647 KtCO2e of emission reductions between 2021 and 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario, while building resilience, adapting and minimizing loss and damage due to the impacts of climate change. To achieve this, a wide range of mitigation and adaptation measures have been identified. The […]

UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report 2025: Off Target finds that available new climate pledges under the Paris Agreement have only slightly lowered global temperature rise over the course of this century, leaving the world heading for a serious escalation of climate risks and damages.

The challenges of climate change and rapid urbanization present central obstacles to sustainable development in cities of low- and middle-income countries. Urban Nature-based Solutions (NbS) receive growing attention as potential remedies for these challenges because they offer environmental and social co-benefits in comparison to conventional grey or engineered solutions. In practice, NbS co-exist and positively complement conventional grey or engineered […]

Climate change and rapid urbanization are central challenges to sustainable development in cities of low and middle-income countries. Nature-based Solutions can address these challenges and offer environmental and social benefits over traditional engineered solutions, and in practice co-exist and positively complement engineered solutions. However, the uptake of NbS in urban planning remains limited and implementation faces several barriers. The need […]