This UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre paper examines the challenges faced by central banks and financial regulators in emerging markets and developing economies and distils key lessons from the Reserve Bank of Malawi’s experiences that can guide other institutions beginning to integrate climate considerations into their operations.

The Global ESCO Market Report 2026 examines the development of energy service company (ESCO) markets across 21 countries and jurisdictions. Based on the 2025/2026 global survey, the report analyses market size and growth, energy savings, project types, contracting models, financing mechanisms, and policy and regulatory frameworks. It finds that the global ESCO market continues to expand, but investment remains heavily concentrated […]

This guideline provides a high-level, practice-informed resource for countries seeking to strengthen national responses to loss and damage. It synthesizes current concepts, evidence, policy debates, and emerging good practices, and offers an overarching framework to support reflection on, scoping, and refinement of national loss and damage strategies and related processes. Rather than prescribing a single blueprint or detailed step-by-step procedures, […]

The world must strengthen its understanding of the ocean’s carbon system if it is to safeguard one of the planet’s most important climate allies. The 2026 Climate Technology Progress Report highlights Ocean Carbon Intelligence, a framework that connects ocean science, monitoring technologies, data infrastructure and analytical tools to improve understanding of ocean carbon dynamics and support evidence-based climate action. As […]

This brief provides a summary of business and financing models for scaling solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) in Uganda. It highlights SPIS as a strategic climate technology for Uganda’s agriculture sector, which employs about 70% of the population but faces significant climate risks. The brief demonstrates that SPIS can increase crop yields, enable off-season production, and stabilize farmer incomes. It reviews […]

This practitioners brief is for government officials, practitioners, and partners who need to turn the Loss and Damage agenda into concrete national action. It builds on the Strengthening National Responses to Loss and Damage guide, available here. Effective Loss and Damage strategies recognize that some impacts can still be avoided or reduced through better risk management, while others require measures to […]

The global signals of climate change are felt acutely in cities through unprecedented heatwaves, floods, and climate-related disasters, placing increasing pressure on urban systems and practitioners’ ability to manage risks. Cities, home to over half the world’s population and major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, are increasingly vulnerable to these impacts. Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer a powerful pathway for […]

Climate change is increasingly impacting human health through rising temperatures, extreme weather events, changing disease patterns, displacement, and growing pressures on health systems. While health is widely recognised as a critical dimension of climate vulnerability, there is growing interest in understanding how health is reflected within national approaches to Loss and Damage (L&D). This new stocktake provides a systematic assessment […]

Alongside Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), long‑term low‑emission development strategies (LT‑LEDS) form the backbone of the Paris Agreement and pave the way for low‑emission development pathways around the globe. Their coherence and mutual alignment are therefore critical to ensuring ambitious and effective action towards limiting the increase in global average temperature and adapting to the impacts of climate change. This publication, […]

The NDC Tracking and Corresponding Adjustment Tool (NDC-CAT) is an Excel-based tool designed to support Parties in tracking progress made in implementing and achieving their NDCs, accounting under Article 6, and reporting through Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF). It provides a structured, step-by-step approach for integrating NDC information, data on anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals, […]